communication graph, reduced diameter, enhanced connectivity, For that purpose, on optical networks, we propose a series of novel notions including communication pattern, This paper is aimed at taking the first step in understanding the communication efficiencies of optical networks. They are regarded as promising alternatives to electrical networks for parallel processing. The optical networks hold prominent performance including wide bandwidth, low loss, strong anti-interference capability, high fidelity, and reliable performance. As a by-product, we characterize the optimal g-component cut under the condition that any two vertices have exactly two common neighbors if they have of any n-dimensional hypercube-like networks.As power grids and optical interconnection networks are interdependent, the reliabilities of the optical networks are critical issues in power systems. We also determine the g-component connectivity of varietal hypercubes and crossed cubes which are the members of hypercube-like networks. In this paper, we prove the lower bound of the g-component connectivity of any n-dimensional hypercube-like networks. Determining the g-component connectivity is still an unsolved problem in many interconnection networks. The g-component connectivity cκg(G) of G is the size of the smallest g-component cut. A g-component cut of G is a vertex set S such that G−S has at least g components. Let g≥0 be an integer and G be a connected graph. The component connectivity is an important parameter for the reliability evaluation of interconnection networks and is a generalization of the traditional connectivity. Reliability evaluation of interconnection networks is of significant importance to the design and maintenance of interconnection networks. In this paper, we obtain the h-restricted vertex diagnosability and the r-restricted edge diagnosability of some classes of regular networks under the HPMC model, which extend some results in Zhu et al. For any pair of vertices $u$ and $v$ of the connected graph $G$, if they are connected by $\min \, respectively, have been proposed under the HPMC model at the same time. The edge-fault-tolerance of networks is of great significance to the design and maintenance of networks. Moreover, the result is optimal with respect to the degree of Qn,m, and some experimental examples are provided to verify the theoretical result. It is shown that the n-dimensional bipartite enhanced hypercube network Qn,m is f-edge fault-tolerant k∗-laceable for every f≤n-1 and f k≤n 1. A bipartite graph H is f-edge fault-tolerant k∗-laceable if H-F is k∗-laceable for any edge set F of H with |F|≤f. A bipartite graph H with bipartition V0 and V1 is k∗-laceable if for any u∈V0 and v∈V1 there is a k∗-container between u and v. A k-container of G is a k∗-container if it contains all the vertices of G. A k-container C(u, v) of a graph G is a set of k-disjoint paths joining u to v. This paper investigates the problem of embedding spanning disjoint paths in the enhanced hypercube networks with edge fault tolerance. Embedding paths into a network topology is crucial for the network simulation. In the design of an interconnection network, one of the most fundamental considerations is the reliability of the network, which can be usually characterized by the fault tolerance of the network.
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Along with protecting you from dangerous online dangers, it also protects your privacy and lets you gain access to any obstructed websites and content.įilehippo Hotspot Shield produces a digital private network (VPN) between your device and its own Internet gateway. That makes this software a bit unreliable.Filehippo Hotspot Shield 2020 Latest Version (32/64 Bit) Free Download For Windows 7/8/10įilehippo Hotspot Shield 2020 Latest Version Free Download For Windows 7/8/10 can be really a versatile internet safety and privacy resolution. However, take note that it has a tendency to fail at times after using it for a while. Not only can it be used for free, but it’s also available on different platforms so you can protect all your devices. Not fully reliableĪll in all, ZenMate VPN for Chrome is a viable VPN extension you can try out if you want an easy-to-use tool for when you’re browsing. In case you’re undecided, you can always start its free 7-day trial. Meanwhile, Ultimate lets you enjoy this VPN on all platforms-and even adds P2P support and OpenVPN integration. What’s different between these two is that Pro only works for browsers such as Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge. Both are mostly the same as they offer unlimited device support, optimized streaming servers, a Stealth Connection feature, Smart Location, a whitelist functionality, and 24/7 customer support. There are actually two editions for the paid subscription: Pro and Ultimate. However, many of its cool features are also only accessible through the premium version. It can also bypass geo-restricted content so you can stream with programs like Netflix and Hulu if you want. It also has a No Logs Policy and never records any of your online activity. For one, it uses military-grade AES-256 encryption. Just like other VPN programs, ZenMate VPN for Chrome has many of the common security features available. This program works well enough for a while but one of the major drawbacks to it is that its performance deteriorates over time. You can expect tools like a tracker blocker, a malware blocker, a browser history eraser, and more under these features. However, only Privacy is truly available for use in the free version and the rest are locked behind the Pro version. The tools found in each can be easily toggled on and off. There are four categories there: Privacy, Stealth Connection, Smart Location, and Whitelist. For more features, you can click on the gear icon in the top-right corner. To unlock all 74 countries on the list, you must upgrade your license to the premium version. By clicking on the country name, you can change it manually-however, there are only four locations available in the free version. To use this tool, open up the extension by clicking on its icon and click on the big grayed-out shield icon to automatically connect to a random server location. Simply add the extension and you can now access it within the comforts of your browser. One of these is ZenMate VPN for Chrome, which works for Google Chrome and can quickly be installed via the Chrome Web Store. It even has versions for specific browsers if you prefer those instead of the desktop client. From PC to mobile, you can use this VPN anytime and anywhere. What’s great about ZenMate is that it’s available on various different platforms so you don’t miss out on its protection. Organize and enjoy your media content section: Sync your world in style.Intel® or AMD dual-core processor with at least 2 GHz.ġ024 x 768 or higher-resolution video adapter and monitor. Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10 HTC One A9, HTC Desire 626, HTC One ME dual sim, HTC One E9 dual sim, HTC One M9+, HTC One E9+ dual sim, HTC One (M9), HTC Desire EYE, HTC One(E8), HTC One mini 2, HTC Desire 612, HTC Desire 510, HTC Butterfly 2, HTC Desire 820, HTC One (M8), HTC Desire 816, HTC One max, HTC One, HTC One dual, HTC One mini, HTC Butterfly s, HTC J One, Desire L by HTC, Desire P by HTC, Desire Q by HTC, Droid DNA by HTC, HTC Butterfly, HTC Desire 200, HTC Desire 300, HTC Desire 500, HTC Desire 600, HTC Desire 600c dual, HTC Desire 601, HTC Desire 606w, HTC Desire 609d, HTC Desire 610, HTC Desire C, HTC Desire SV, HTC Desire U, HTC Desire V, HTC Desire VC, HTC Desire X, HTC Droid Incredible 4G, HTC E1, HTC EVO 4G LTE, HTC J, HTC J Butterfly, HTC One S, HTC One S Special Edition, HTC One SC, HTC One SU, HTC One SV, HTC One V, HTC One VX, HTC One X, HTC One X+, HTC One XC, HTC One XL, HTC T327d, HTC T327w, HTC T329d, HTC T329w, INFOBAR A02. It keeps your mobile device in sync with your PC and at the end of the day, that’s what it’s meant to do. In just a few steps, it allows you to perform file transfers and data synchronizations, which makes it the number one choice for the majority of the HTC community. It wraps the basics and more advanced options within an intuitive interface. HTC Sync Manager packs all the right tools and features under its hood. You can browse through sections of your phone, explore galleries and videos, listen to music and create new playlists with ease. The left part hosts lists of options, while the right side loads up your current selection. The top of the screen provides one-click access to your phone’s contents, sorting files in separate folders for music, photos, and documents. The program’s GUI keeps all of its features in one place, making it easy-to-use in any of the available operations. Once the connection is set, you are asked to enter a name for your device and then you’re ready to go. It comes with the necessary drivers to establish the link when you plug your HTC in and delivers a clean yet attractive interface. It works with both Microsoft Outlook and Outlook Express for the contact and schedule side of it and only requires a valid USB connection between your HTC device and your PC. HTC Sync Manager, formerly known as HTC Sync, is the tool you are looking for when searching for the right application to satisfy your synchronizing desires. Finally, the data on your PC synced with HTC Sync serves as a backup should you lose your phone. Once set up, browser bookmarks, contacts and calendar synchronize automatically every time your phone and computer are connected. The music player allows importing playlists from iTunes and Windows Media Player, as well as creating your own playlists that can be synced with your phone. HTC Sync includes a photo management tool to organize and edit, for example, crop and rotate, your pictures. Other than media files (photos, music, and videos) you can also transfer your contacts and calendar entries between your smartphone and PC. HTC Sync Manager is a free tool to synchronize your media files between your HTC phone (for example Android) and your desktop computer. Change the font type, font size, margins, line spacing, and take notes.Text is highlighted as the words are read.Import ebooks through Google Drive, Dropbox, or another file management system.Uses Amazon Polly TTS system (also used in Alexa).Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Icelandic, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazilian), Portuguese (European), Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Spanish (Latin American), Swedish, Turkish, Welsh.28 languages in either a male or female voice available.An E-reader and audiobook app in one that converts written text into an audio format for you to listen to any time.Example TTS applications: Balabolka, Natural Reader.Since there is no built-in TTS for Windows computers, you will need to download software before beginning.
Reliable anti-virus equipment for new systems, which constantly monitors the penetration of dangerous objects on the computer, sends notifications about the infection of disks, and provides quick formatting of volumes. Offers a trial and full version of the program, sends objects to quarantine, treats important and removes unnecessary media files. Creating group chats, instant messaging, choosing an avatar is an advantage of this client.Īntivirus constantly scans the system for malicious files, installers. Simple famous chat for a modern operating system on laptops, PCs and smartphones. In the process of video, you can add special visual effects, when correspondence to send media files and emoticons. With this program, users can create conferences and online chats. Provides a huge set of office software, has open source. Gives you the ability to edit text documents, emails, spreadsheets, created websites. Allows the user to easily open e-books, magazines, brochures with a well-known extension, provides a convenient page turning. Viewer and editor of pages with pdf format. Changing the source code helps to launch mobile software on a large screen, has a huge number of additional functions and plug-ins. Everyone can view notes in notes and notepad, run media, edit pages and text documents.Įmulator of mobile phone operating system on PC. The client helps to remotely control other devices. It opens the contents of "heavy" sites, regularly installs updates and provides full access to streaming video, music. The utility demonstrates the version of the installation software package, offers to view the support of official drivers, draws attention to the temperature of the equipment, indicates a device failure.Ī browser that quickly loads web pages installs widgets. Easy to use, it helps to quickly view the necessary information, provides the official resource of the company for solving any technical issue. The product shows the list of installed hardware on the PC. The synchronization with mail option will help you instantly receive emails with constant access to the Internet. Editing takes place with the help of additional functions, shows a good result.Ī browser version for laptops that allows you to quickly browse the web. It has a wide range of working tools for processing photos, image conversion. Organizes a demonstration of the list of suspicious objects, scans individual folders. The application is struggling with malicious software, quickly removes viruses. The player plays movies with a good bitrate, adjusts the automatic launch of the media, shows subtitles. Reproduces high quality video in any format. Forwards audio, video, establishes video communication, provides the ability to communicate using messages. Suitable for any device that allows you to contact several people in a chat or in a video conference. Allows you to set mount options, copying, saving important material. A simple interface makes viewing files convenient, has modern tools for extracting objects to disk.Ī free program on a PC that works with disk images. Recognized expert in various disciplines of cybersecurity (reversing, exploiting, web. He currently works as Technical Director of the evaluation lab and Chief Operations Officer (COO) of the Granada site from where the company develops most of the work. In 2015 he begins to lay the foundations of what will be jtsec. He is also Cyber Security lecturer, giving classes of Secure Software Engineering at the University of Granada and is CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional) and OSCP/OSCE (Offensive Security Certified Professional & Certified Expert) certified. His experience has led him to participate as a speaker at several conferences on computer security and certification (SuperSec, Cybercamp, Navaja Negra, International Common Criteria Conference, International Cryptographic Module Conference, EUCyberact Conference). As a consultant, he has successfully accompanied national and international companies in several certification processes (to EAL5+). Javier has served as an evaluator in the Spanish CB for the country major evaluation labs. We are proud to announce this vulnerability as the first public vulnerability discovered by the new jtsec staff!Įxpert consultant on the Common Criteria standard, and other security assurance standards in the field of the information technology (FIPS 140-2, ITSEC, ISO 27K1, SOC 2, ENS.). Vulnerable servers which expose their interfaces to the Internet may be remotely accessed with admin privileges using user rslsync with password 'x'. The vendor was notified and the vulnerability patched in version 2.5.5. The vulnerability has been confirmed to be present in version 2.4.4, other versions may be affected. Synogroup -member administrators > /dev/null 2>&1 The vulnerability occurs because during installation of the package, the installation script is adding a user with admin privileges and fixed password. The Resilio Sync client for Synology NAS suffers a vulnerability that allows remote users to connect to the NAS with admin privileges. BitTorrent Sync was the world’s first product to harness this powerful protocol for commercial purposes and Resilio expands on this mission.įor a wide array of applications such as large file collaboration, file sync, folder sync, automated backup, and sending large files faster and more securely, Resilio offers the industry leading and fastest private cloud solution trusted by millions of consumers and thousands of business worldwide. For well over 15 years, BitTorrent has been the leading technology to deliver large files over the Internet. Resilio (formerly BitTorrent Sync) delivers powerful solutions using their unique private cloud software built on core bittorrent technology. If your TV has multiple HDMI ports, change the signal format of the specific HDMI port your PS5 is plugged into. Some TV brands/models have this option as “Enhanced format” or “Enhanced format (8K).” Say your TV’s HDMI signal format is set to “Standard,” switching it to “Enhanced” might fix the problem. Some TV brands (SONY, for instance) recommend changing your TV’s HDMI signal format if your PS5 or other devices won’t connect via HDMI. Remember to switch your TV input source to the new HDMI port you plugged the PS5 into. Move the HDMI cable to a different port on your TV and check if both devices establish a connection. However, your TV won’t play video games at the highest resolution or refresh rate-because it uses an old HDMI port. HDMI 2.1 cables (or Ultra High-Speed HDMI cables) are backward compatible with older HDMI standards/devices. If your TV doesn’t have HDMI 2.1 ports, you can connect your PS5 using HDMI 2.1 cables. However, ensure it’s an Ultra High Speed (or HDMI 2.1) cable with an HDMI logo/inscription on both connectors.Īlthough the PS5 has an HDMI 2.1 port and works best with HDMI 2.1 cables, you can still connect the console to TVs with older HDMI standards. Likewise, a splitter allows you to hook multiple consoles to one TV. you really dont need a USB-C to HDMI adapter, you need a USB-C DP to HDMI adapter, the Switch console do not have a HDMI output, instead have a DP one, so you need an active converter, thats is Why you need a 'dock' or adapter designated for the console (there are others devices using similar process). For example, you can connect your PlayStation 5 to multiple TVs or monitors with an HDMI splitter. HDMI splitters (or HDMI switchers) allow you to share audio and video signals between multiple devices. Again, ensure your PS5 is powered on while changing your TV’s input source. Keep pressing the “Input” or “Source” button on the TV remote until it displays visuals from the HDMI input where your PS5 is connected. If your television or monitor has multiple HDMI ports, ensure the video input source is set to the HDMI port where your PS5 is plugged. After this, insert the HDMI cable into the ‘HDMI Out. You will then plug the other end into a power outlet. That’s why users are getting frustrated by the connectivity issue. It’s also worth mentioning that the method isn’t as simple as connecting a single cable to the TV. Once you see the ports, connect the USB cord that comes with the Switch AC adapter into the ‘AC Adaptor’ on the switch. In another sense, we can also say that some Switch users are reporting that it won’t connect to the TV when docked and even when it’s not docked. The PlayStation 5 console connects TVs and monitors via High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI). Open the back of the Nintendo Switch to reveal the various ports within this space which will be used to connect. Turn on the PlayStation 5 and set your TV’s input source to the HDMI terminal where the console is connected. Ensure the connection is tight and secure, but don’t insert the cable forcefully, so you don’t damage the HDMI port. Connect the other end of the cable to the HDMI port on the back of your PS5 console. Skype TX controller is a software package designed for use in Television production studios and other professional environments that enables you to send Skype calls as SD/HD-SDI video with embedded or balanced analogue audio, providing the best call quality available in an HD video format. Physical access to the Skype TX unit is not required during normal operation.Ģ.19.505.1 is the latest Skype TX controller application. Using this software, it is possible to manage multiple Skype TX channels and call any contact in your Skype contact list on up to 14 connected Skype TX units. Photos Extension: Extension for Photos app (macOS 10.Skype TX controller is a management solution for controlling multiple Skype TX units.Macro: Record multiple actions and then play them back all at once.Photo Merge: Merge to HDR, Focus Stacking.Brushes & Tools: Draw | Scatter | Paint Brush, Paint Bucket, Mosaic Brush, Fix Red Eye, Mixer Brush, Spot Healing Brush, Liquify, Clone Stamp.Objects: 1,000+ Stickers, 240+ Figures, Image, Text, Text Warp, Magnifier, Arrow, Line, Rectangle, Rounded Rectangle, Circle, Object Transform, Object Mask.Frames: 290+ Frames, 240+ Shapes, Borders. Tiny Planet, Text Mask, Stretch, Scissor, Fisheye, Reflection, Perspective, Lens Correction, Transform, Warp, 3D Objects, 3D Planes,īrighten, Darken, Deepen, Vibrance, Clarity, Contrast, Saturation, Color Temperature, Tint, Exposure, Gamma Correction, Doge, Burn, Vivid,Ĩ0+ Films, 80+ Duotones, 100+ Light Leaks, 120+ Overlays, 40+ Old Photos, 40+ Dirt & Scratches, 40+ Textures, 20+ Lens Flares, Threadhold, Jitter, Edge, Emboss, Watercolor Pencil, Colored Pencil, Posterize, Cellophane, Newsprint, Dither, Stippling, Brush Strokes, Mosaic, Kaleidoscope, Triangles,Ĭrystallize, Frosted Glass, Stained Glass, Glass Blocks, Illusion, Motion Blur, Zoom Blur, Radial Blur, Twirl, Wave, Underwater, Filters & Effects: Magic Color, Miniature, Bloom, HDR, Surrealistic, Grayscale, Sepia, Badicoot, Black & White, Negative, Auto Levels, Auto Contrast, Sharpen, Blur,Īdd Noise, Film Grain, Reduce Noise, Despeckle, Soften Skin, Bokeh Blur, Dehaze, Shadows/Highlights, Point Color, Replace Color, White Balance, Vignette, Color Fill, Pattern Fill,ĭilate, Erode, Curves, Levels, Color Balance, Channel Mixer, Selective Color, Hue/Saturation, Graident Fill, Gradient Map, Chromatic Aberration, Opacity, Enhance Document,.Batch Rename: Change photo file names in batch mode.
Once you have your logo file exported as a transparent PNG, open the Watermark Editor in Lightroom ( Lightroom, Edit Watermarks… on a Mac Edit, Edit Watermarks… on a PC). Be sure that Transparency is checked in the export dialog box. If you have an EPS, AI, PSD or another file type with a transparent background, open it in Photoshop and use the Export command ( File, Export, Export As…) to create a PNG. If you don’t, you can use a tool like Photoshop to get rid of the background color as necessary, and then save it as a transparent PNG file. Logo watermarkĬreating a logo watermark follows the same steps as the text watermark above, but requires a bit of preparation with your logo.ĭepending on what file format your logo is in, you hopefully have one with a transparent background. Once you have your watermark the way you want it, click the drop-down menu at the upper left of the window, and click Save Current Settings as New Preset. A preview should show you some sample text on the left side of the window.įrom there, you can customize your watermark, with everything from font and text color to the exact placement and offset of the watermark from the edge.ĭepending on the image, you might want to create a watermark with both light and dark text that you can easily export from. Then, under Image Options, you have the option to create either a text or image watermark. On a PC, this will be located under the Edit menu. In Lightroom Classic CC, select Lightroom and then Edit Watermarks… (Mac). This is the most straight-forward way to create a watermark and can be done without any work in Photoshop. So, how do we get started? Text watermark There are three different types of watermarks - text, a logo or a signature. While I’ve never gotten a call from a prospective client that said “I saw your watermark on some photos,” it’s still there to make sure that the viewer knows who took the photos. Two, the images can be used for identification purposes, especially when shared on social media. While watermarks can be removed, most people won’t go through the trouble of doing so if they don’t have the tools. Quelqu´un connaît ce phénomène ? existe-t-il une solution ? Merci d´avance.Watermarks can be used for a number of reasons. Comme je n´ai jamais eu ce problème depuis 7 á 8 ans chez ADOBe, je pense plutôt à un bug. Je n´ai aucun problème de mémoire, puisque pendant ce temps je peux travailler sur autre chose, je constate que LRC prend plus ou moins 23 á 25% de la mémoire dans cette phase. Si je clique une nouvelle fois pensant que le programme n´a pas enregistré l´exportation : s´affiche "programme ne répond plus", attendre ou arrêter le programme. Ceci que ce soit fichier RAW ou JPEG, 1 foto ou 10, petite ou grande, quel que soit le format ou la taille, dans les paramètres je ne sollicite aucune modification, tout est désactivé pour voir si cela change quelque chose : RIEN ne change sur ce pb. Après une minute, l´exportation se réalise normalement. A l´exportation, la fenêtre des paramètres s´ouvre normalement, cliquant OK : rien ne se passe. Settings Folder: /Users/dario/Library/Application Support/Adobe/Lightroomīonjour, depuis l´installation de la version 12 de LRC - Windows 11, j´ai un problème récurrent au moment de l´exportation de la photo. Library Path: /Volumes/Zeus/Lightroom Catalog/Lightroom Catalog-studio-v12.lrcat Init State: GPU for Export supported by defaultĪpplication folder: /Applications/Adobe Lightroom Classic Maximum thread count used by Camera Raw: 5Ĭamera Raw virtual memory: 213MB / 65535MB (0%)Ĭamera Raw real memory: 215MB / 131072MB (0%) Virtual memory used by Lightroom: 409.876,5 MB Real memory used by Lightroom: 3.069,6 MB (2,3%) Real memory available to Lightroom: 131.072,0 MB Monitore/Anzeigegeräte: 1) 3840x2160, 2) 3840x2160Īnfangsstatus: GPU zum Exportieren wird standardmäßig unterstütztīenutzerpräferenz: GPU für Bildverarbeitung aktiviertĪnwendungsordner: /Applications/Adobe Lightroom Classicīibliothekspfad: /Volumes/DataStore/test/Vorlagen/ShootingVorlagen-v12.lrcatĮinstellungen-Ordner: /Users/norbert/Library/Application Support/Adobe/Lightroom Physischer Speicher in Camera Raw: 33MB / 16384MB (0%) Virtueller Speicher in Camera Raw: 31MB / 8191MB (0%) Maximale Anzahl Threads, die Camera Raw verwendet: 5 Von Lightroom verwendeter virtueller Speicher: 405.879,9 MB Lightroom Classic-Version: 12.0 įür Lightroom verfügbarer phys. Alcohol also affects the specific gravity of your urine. This means that the urine is extremely dilute and the concentration of all substances except urea in the urine is very low.ĭrugs can increase or decrease the specific gravity of your urine. For example, if a sample of urine weighs 1 g when diluted with 500 ml of water, then its specific gravity is 1 g/500 ml = 0.02 mmho. Specific gravity is measured by dividing the mass of the solvent (water) needed to produce a given volume of urine by the mass of the pure solvent (water), then multiplying this number by 1000. The more dilute the solution, the lower its specific gravity will be. Specific gravity is the term used to describe the degree to which a solution increases in density when it is concentrated. A high SG indicates that you have less water in your body than normal and may indicate that you have a disease or are using drugs that cause you to lose water. Urinalysis includes a standard measurement of urine specific gravity. It assesses the kidney's capacity to concentrate urine by measuring the ratio of urine density to water density. The concentration of solutes in urine is measured by urinary specific gravity (SG). How does specific gravity relate to concentration? It's important to remember that only urine that has been freshly produced will be suitable for testing. The reason for this is so that your provider can compare the two sets of results and see which sample showed increased growth of bacteria, indicating the presence of a UTI. For example, if they suspect you have a urinary tract infection (UTI), then you might be asked to provide two separate samples of urine: once in the morning and again before bedtime. Your healthcare provider may ask you to provide more than one type of sample for tests. A laboratory technician reviews the results with you over the phone after you give him/her a random sample of your urine. These colors indicate the presence of proteins, glucose, ketones, or other substances in the urine that would not be seen with a visual inspection of the urine. Specific gravity is also used by doctors when doing a physical examination of a patient to help determine whether there are any medical conditions related to high or low blood pressure, diabetes, kidney disease, or other problems.Ī dipstick test is done directly in the urine and looks at the color change of certain chemicals when exposed to urine. This short test will tell you how well your kidneys dilute your pee. The density of urine is compared to the density of water in a urine specific gravity test. Specific gravity is something your healthcare professional may look for in your urine sample test, often known as a urinalysis. Rather, it is one factor that must be considered along with other data points such as urine output, symptoms, etc. Generally, it is not recommended as a single indicator of kidney disease progression or risk. Therefore, your doctor may use serum creatinine as a marker for kidney function. Serum creatinine concentrations increase as people age because muscle mass declines. If this value is below 135 mmol/L (3 mg/dL), the patient should be treated for hyponatremia. A blood test can also be used to measure serum sodium concentration. Specific gravity can be used as a diagnostic tool when evaluating patients with signs and symptoms of dehydration such as thirst, dry mucus membranes, decreased urine output, and increased body temperature. Values from 1.005 to 1.030 indicate moderate dehydration or need for re-hydration. A value of less than 1.005 indicates mild dehydration or lack of water intake. A value of greater than 1.030 suggests that you have a dehydrated patient. The higher the value, the more concentrated the urine.Ī normal urinary specific gravity is between 1.005 and 1.030. This test simply measures the concentration of urine. There are no "out of the ordinary" specific gravity values. It can also be used to assess renal tubular concentration ability decline. Specific gravity measurements offer information about a patient's level of hydration or dehydration. |
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